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Blood collection is a critical routine in blood testing. Proper blood collection is required to ascertain the reliability of results. The usual methods for blood collection are (note that this is only a reference guide – you must only undertake this if you are a professional): 1. Venipuncture – It is the collection of blood from the veins through the use of a needle and a syringe. In this procedure, the most mutual web site of venipuncture is the antecubital fossa where the cephalic, basilic and mid-cubital veins are found. This procedure is required when big amounts of blood is necessitated for testing like in glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase test, and numerous blood alchemy determinations. Materials needed Gauge 20-22 needle, syringe, tourniquet, wet and arid cotton, 70 % isopropyl alcohol, vacutainer tubes or test tubes. Precautions: 1.1. Remove the tourniquet initial before the needle. Patients who have blood dyscrasia may bleed to death. 1.2. Avoid prolonged application of the tourniquet because it will cause venous stasis which will adversely affect the results. 1.3. Do not jerk the needle out of the vein because this may hurt the vein and will cause uncomfortableness in the patient. 1.4. Do not puncture the vein through and through because this will cause hematoma which is a bluish discoloration of the skin. 1.5. Allow the patient to rest for at least 10 minutes to assure that he does not feel faint or that bleeding has stopped. 1.6. Sterilize before puncturing to assure that the procedure is aspetic. 2. Capillary puncture – also known as fingerstick or finger puncture, is applied when littler volumes of blood is needed, like when performing Complete Blood Counts (CBC), peripheral blood smears and malarial smears. This method is utile for pediatric, obese and elderly people who are in need of medical care where veins are little and can not be palpated. It may also make use of the earlobe and huge toe as puncture sites. Materials needed Lancet, capillettes, wet and arid cotton, 70 % isopropyl alcohol Precautions 2.1. Puncture only the specified area as it may traumatize unintended websites like the bones. 2.2. Discard the introductory drop as this is made up of tissue fluid. 2.3. Sterilize firstborn before puncturing. 3. Arterial Puncture – is the collection of blood from the arteries. This is oxygenated blood, while venous blood is non-oxygenated blood. This is normally used in Blood Gas Analysis (BGA) where the pH of blood, bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonic acid (H2CO3) and total carbon dioxide (TCO2) are determined Materials needed Luer lock syringe, vacutainer tubes, wet and arid cottons, 70% isopropyl alcohol Precautions 3.1. Press the website of puncture for more than 15-30 minutes because the pressure of blood in the arteries is more inviolable than that in the veins. 3.2. Sterilize the right way before puncturing. 3.3. Observe anaerobic collection as most samples are for blood gas testing. These are the most mutual methods of blood collection. Each is employed according to the needs of the patient. |
